The Rosetta Stone was carved in 196 B.C.E. in Memphis during the reign of Ptolemy V. It contained a decree in three languages: Ancient Egyptian hieroglyphic, Demotic Egyptian, and Ancient Greek, the latter providing a translation and clear key for deciphering the old Egyptian language. The stone was used in medieval times as building material in a fort, was discovered by a French soldier in 1799 and was taken by the British when they defeated the French in Egypt soon after that. It is now in London in the British Museum.