Many important German artists, architects, and designers fled the country during the rise of the Nazis and emigrated to America, where they achieved great success. Walter Gropius, the founder of the Bauhaus school, left Nazi Germany in 1934 and joined the faculty at Harvard University where he founded the Architect’s Collaborative, a modernist group that emphasized collaboration and created the design for the Clark Art Institute building in Williamstown, Massachusetts. In Chicago, Laszlo Moholy-Nagy directed the New Bauhaus (which lasted until 1938) and later went on to open the School of Design, which was then incorporated into the Illinois Institute of Technology (IIT). Ludwig Mies van der Rohe was head of IIT’s architecture department and designed Crown Hall, a masterpiece of modern architecture.